abstract：:Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate conjugate are the major circulating steroids in human plasma. Low levels of these adrenal steroids are associated with a number of human diseases including certain cancers. In animal studies, DHEA is chemopreventive toward both spontaneous and chemically induced cancers. A...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Orner GA,Hendricks JD,Arbogast D,Williams DE

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study examined the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis as potential mechanisms underlying effects of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl (DCB) on inositol phosphate (IP) signaling in cerebellar granule cells. DCB (100 microM) increased basal...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shafer TJ,Mundy WR,Tilson HA,Kodavanti PR

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gallium arsenide (GaAs) suppresses numerous immunologic functions of leukocytes at distal locations from the exposure site. The effect of direct GaAs exposure on peritoneal cells was examined by i.p. administration of the chemical. No alteration in the frequency of various cell lineages, including macrophages, B cells...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hartmann CB,McCoy KL

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunoreactivity and pharmacokinetics of a new horse F(ab')2 scorpion antivenom and its effect on Buthus occitanus mardochei venom plasma disposition in the rabbit were studied. The scorpion venom-specific F(ab')2 affinity constant determined by immunoradiometric assay was 1.6 +/- 0.6 10(8) M-1. One group received...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Pépin-Covatta S,Lutsch C,Grandgeorge M,Lang J,Scherrmann JM

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fumonisins are carcinogenic to rats and are suspected human carcinogens. However, the mechanism(s) of carcinogenesis of fumonisn B1 (FB1) is poorly understood. Multiple signal transduction pathways such as protein kinase C (PKC) have been shown to play an important role in carcinogenesis. This study was undertaken to ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Yeung JM,Wang HY,Prelusky DB

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:H-ras oncogenes have been identified in greater than 50% of the most common forms of human neoplasia. Ras-related proteins have been postulated to mediated signal transduction pathways involving mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and nuclear responses that may be involved in the induction of apoptosis. We examine...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Davis MA,Chang SH,Trump BF

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicokinetics of deltamethrin and its metabolite 4'-HO-deltamethrin after single doses of 26 mg of deltamethrin/kg (oral) or 1.2 mg of deltamethrin/kg (intravenous) were studied in male Wistar rats. Serial blood samples were obtained after oral and intravenous administration. Brain, vas deferens, and anococcygeus...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Anadón A,Martinez-Larrañaga MR,Fernandez-Cruz ML,Diaz MJ,Fernandez MC,Martinez MA

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The physiologically based dosimetry description for acrylonitrile (ACN) and its mutagenic epoxide metabolite 2-cyanoethylene oxide (CEO) in F-344 rats (M. L. Gargas, M. E. Anderson, S.K.O. Teo, R. Batra, T. R. Fennell, and G. L. Kedderis, 1995, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 134, 185-194) has been refined to include a phys...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kedderis GL,Teo SK,Batra R,Held SD,Gargas ML

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The threshold hemodynamic changes associated with the cardiovascular (CV) toxicity of minoxidil (MNX) in the dog, characterized by subendocardial necrosis, right atrial hemorrhagic lesions, and coronary vascular medial hemorrhage and necrosis, have not been defined. To determine the relationship between serum concentr...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Mesfin GM,Higgins MJ,Robinson FG,Zhong WZ

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A single 6-hr exposure to inhaled methanol (MeOH) has been shown to enhance carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) hepatotoxicity. The objective of the present study was to use gas uptake data and the development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) to determine in vivo changes in CCl4 metabolism resulting fro...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Evans MV,Simmons JE

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Decreased daily sperm production (DSP) and cauda epididymal sperm number (CESN) are some of the most sensitive effects of in utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure. The reduction in CESN cannot be fully accounted for by decreased spermatogenesis. To explain the decrease in CESN it wa...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sommer RJ,Ippolito DL,Peterson RE

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Formic acid is the toxic metabolite in methanol poisoning. Permanent visual damage in methanol-intoxicated humans and non-human primates has been associated with prolonged exposures (> 24 hr) to blood formate concentrations in excess of 7 mM; however, little information is available on the toxicity associated with chr...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Eells JT,Salzman MM,Lewandowski MF,Murray TG

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The disposition and metabolism of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) was investigated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in order to better understand the metabolic and physiological factors that modulate the fate of this extremely toxic compound in rainbow trout compared to other species. The fish were dosed ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Steward AR,Maslanka R,Pangrekar J,Kumar S,Sikka HC

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunosuppressive effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on immune responses in rodents, both in vivo and in vitro, have been widely documented. However, few studies have addressed the immunotoxicity of PAHs in the human system. In this report, we examined the toxic effects of nine different PAHs on hu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Davila DR,Romero DL,Burchiel SW

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabolism of methylene chloride, or dichloromethane (DCM), plays a key role in determining the kinetics and carcinogenicity of the halocarbon. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate and optimize the vial equilibration technique, originally described by Sato and Nakajima (1979a), in order to characterize the h...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kim C,Manning RO,Brown RP,Bruckner JV

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhalation of asbestos may activate the pulmonary endothelium to promote an inflammatory cell phenotype that participates in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. However, little is known about the effects of asbestos on endothelial cell function. Therefore, endothelial cells were exposed to chrysotile and crocidolit...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Treadwell MD,Mossman BT,Barchowsky A

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Health agencies are often required to predict the effects of long term low level exposure in humans based on annual data involving short-term high-level exposures. Uncertainties in extrapolation can be, in part, based on potentially different mechanism associated with different exposure scenarios. This study evaluated...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Crofton KM,Padilla S,Tilson HA,Anthony DC,Raymer JH,MacPhail RC

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of lead exposure on beta2-adrenoceptor density and catecholamine response was studied in 26 male workers and 1 female worker, exposed to lead on average for 6 years. The systolic blood pressure in lead workers (101-160 mmHg, 124.4 +/- 14.7 mmHg) was found to be significantly higher than in controls (97-134 ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Chang HR,Chen SS,Chen TJ,Ho CH,Chiang HC,Yu HS

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of HgCl2 on kainate (KA)-induced depression of voltage-gated potassium (K+) current in chick embryo telencephalic cells was studied using conventional and nystatin-perforated whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, fluorescence imaging, and flow cytometry techniques. Hg2+ (1 microM) alone did not effect the 4-am...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dyatlov VA,Platoshin AV,Lawrence DA,Carpenter DO

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, a redox cycling and arylating quinone; 5-100 microM) inhibited the canalicular vacuolar accumulation (CVA) of a fluorescent bile acid, cholyl-lysyl-fluorescein (CLF), in rat hepatocyte couplets. This was associated with depletion of reduced glutathione and accumulation of oxidiz...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Stone V,Coleman R,Chipman JK

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A quantitative method based upon a stochastic model was used to estimate rates of initiation (alteration to express the ATPase-deficient phenotype) and of clonal growth of altered cells in an initiation promotion experiment in the livers of female Wistar rats. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was used as the initiating agent ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Moolgavkar SH,Luebeck EG,Buchmann A,Bock KW

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The elevation of intracellular Ca2+ in various tissue through oxidative stress induced by menadione has been well documented. Increase of Ca2+ level in platelets results in aggregation of platelets. To test the hypothesis that menadione-induced Ca2+ elevations can play a role in platelet aggregation, we have studied t...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kim KA,Lee JY,Park KS,Kim MJ,Chung JH

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data taken from Aberg et al. ((1969) Arch. Environ. Health 19, 478-484) and Miettinen et al. ((1971) Ann. Clin. Res. 3, 116-122) were analyzed by means of models that describe methyl mercury pharmacokinetics in man in terms of parent compound only (Model I) or in terms of parent compound plus metabolite, inorganic mer...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Smith JC,Farris FF

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The commonly used antidepressants imipramine, amitriptyline, and nortriptyline were found to significantly inhibit human natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytolysis in vitro and suppress the stimulation of NK cells by IFN-gamma. This is a previously unrecognized biologic property of these drugs with psychotropic activ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Xiao L,Eneroth P

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is a widely studied Sertoli cell toxicant. Here we describe alterations in Sertoli cell vimentin filament distribution and the incidence of testicular germ cell apoptosis in young (28-day-old) Fischer rats that were treated with MEHP (2 microgram/kg, po) and killed 0, 3, 6, or 12 h...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Richburg JH,Boekelheide K

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment with 3-aminobenzamide, known as an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerease, decreased the toxicity and covalent binding of the herbicide dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile; 12 mg/kg; i.p.) in the mouse olfactory mucosa. In vitro studies showed that 3-aminobenzamide markedly reduced the NADPH-dependent co...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Eriksson C,Busk L,Brittebo EB

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zinc pretreatment has been shown in vitro (rat myoblasts) to induce metallothionein (MT) and inhibit cadmium (Cd)-induced protooncogenes c-myc and c-jun mRNA levels. therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the mRNA expression of the protooncogene c-jun as well as the tumor suppressor gene p53 is ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zheng H,Liu J,Choo KH,Michalska AE,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1p4studied the effect of L-2-chloropropionic acid (L-CPA)-induced (250 mg/kg/po/day for 3 days) neurotoxicity, which results in an almost total destruction of cerebellar granule cells over 5 days, on forebrain and cerebellar neurochemistry. There was a reduction in cerebellar aspartate and glutamate concentrations of ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Widdowson PS,Gyte A,Simpson MG,Wyatt I,Lock EA

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetaminophen (APAP) administration (600 mg/kg, ip) to 18-hr fasted, 3-month-old male CD-1 mice results in necrosis of the convoluted renal proximal tubules with a corresponding elevation of plasma urea nitrogen (BUN). Administration of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor, L-(alpha S,5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Emeigh Hart SG,Wyand DS,Khairallah EA,Cohen SD

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylmercury (MeHg) causes a multiphasic disruption of intraneuronal cation regulation. Release of Ca2+ from internal stores and entry of extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+e) contribute to the temporally distinct early (first Ca2+ phase) and late (second Ca2+ phase) components of increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hare MF,Atchison WD

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To further elucidate the mechanism of cadmium inhibition of renal amino acid transport, brush border membrane vesicles were isolated from rabbit renal cortex and the effect of cadmium on the uptake of L-glutamate into the vesicles was investigated. Preincubation of the membranes with CdCl2 decreased sodium-dependent L...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kinne RK,Schütz H,Kinne-Saffran E

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess the relevance of previously identified axonal atrophy to hexanedione neuropathy, the present study quantitated fiber size in peripheral nerve of rats intoxicated with 2,5-hexanedione (HD) by either oral ingestion (0.4% in drinking water) or ip injection (0.4 g/kg/day). Prior to the appearance of neurobehavio...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lehning EJ,Dyer KS,Jortner BS,LoPachin RM

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vinyl carbamate epoxide (VCO) is believed to be the metabolite of ethyl carbamate (EC) ultimately responsible for its carcinogenic effects. This study investigates the role of glutathione (GSH) in protection against VCO-mediated adduct formation, and the involvement of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in detoxificati...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kemper RA,Myers SR,Hurst HE

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of erythropoiesis on cadmium-metallothionein (Cd-MT)2 levels in spleen, a major erythropoietic tissue, was examined following sc injection of 109CdCl2 into mice. As the concentration of Cd in plasma decreased following injection of 109CdCl2 into control mice, the levels in spleen and liver increased rapidl...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Min KS,Ohyanagi N,Ohta M,Onosaka S,Tanaka K

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the mechanisms responsible for chemically induced oxidative stress are under intense investigation, little is known about the effects of prooxidant chemicals on the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes. We examined the effects of diquat (0.1 mmol/kg, ip) and ciprofibrate (0.025% w/w, diet), chemicals which...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gallagher EP,Buetler TM,Stapleton PL,Wang C,Stahl DL,Eaton DL

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroethene (TCE) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and scleroderma in humans. However, experimental studies have not been conducted to establish the role of TCE in causing autoimmunity and/or SLE. To clarify the role of TCE in autoimmune resp...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Khan MF,Kaphalia BS,Prabhakar BS,Kanz MF,Ansari GA

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent literature reports of myocardial infarction in athletes who self-administer anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and previous animal studies of the effects of AASs on the heart suggest that these drugs may be directly injurious to the myocardium. We have previously demonstrated that 100 microM testosterone cypiona...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Welder AA,Robertson JW,Fugate RD,Melchert RB

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of cadmium injection on the high-affinity phlorizin binding to renal outer cortical brush-border membranes was studied in rabbits. Animals received subcutaneous injections of CdCl2 at a dose of 3 mg Cd/kg.day for about 3 weeks. Brush-border membranes were isolated from renal outer cortex by Percoll gradient...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kim KR,Park YS

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of two concentrations of dietary acid (sulfuric acid) or aluminum (aluminum sulfate) on growth and growth-related hormones was examined in a heavy (broiler) strain of chicken between 4 and 18 days old. Growth (body weight, average daily gain, and tibial length) in chicks receiving either dietary acid or alu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Capdevielle MC,Scanes CG

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Assessment of toxic or mutagenic risks associated with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (PTO) is important. In vitro and in vivo data have shown that PTOs are nontoxic and nonmutagenic. However, these studies do not address interactions between PTOs and other compounds. The sulfur on PTOs may provide a novel reactive...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Copple BL,Gmeiner WM,Iversen PL

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00